{"title":"Membrane and Ionomer","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"hydroion-40-micron-aem","title":"Hydroion Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) - Unreinforced","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eHydroion™ anion exchange membrane consists of an alkaline stable polymer backbone and protected cation groups to balance ionic conductivity and chemical stability. The recommended alkaline electrolyte range for this product is 0.1 to 1.0 Molar. There is no mechanical reinforcement in this AEM and such membrane products are also known as self-supporting or unreinforced membranes. Because of the proprietary and advanced polymer structure, Hydroion membranes can withstand harsh operation conditions with best-in-class performance. It is an excellent choice for AEM water electrolysis for green hydrogen production, AEM fuel cells, and other relevant electrochemical applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eProducts Features:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: ~40, 60, 80, 100 microns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Ion Conductivity: OH- (hydroxide) anion conductivity of up to 200 mS\/cm at 80 °C and fully flooded on the anode or anode\/cathode sides.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrong Chemical Stability: Resistant to strong alkalis (pH=14, 80 °C, 1 Molar alkaline electrolyte) and oxidative conditions ( of up to 2.5 V, preferably up to 2.0-2.1 V) for months (\u0026lt;5% structural degradation).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExcellent Mechanical Properties: It has high strength (Tensile Strength \u0026gt; 50 Mpa) and good flexibility, capable of withstanding mechanical stresses and pressure differentials.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLong Service Life: Demonstrates a long lifespan (2+ yr with 10% V decay) under various temperature and alkaline conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eElectrochemical Performance (Polarization Curve)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThe following graph provides polarization curve for a 60 microns thick Hydroion membrane (at a cell temperature of 60 deg C, using 1 Molar KOH electrolyte, Ni alloy electrodes).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/Anode_GDE_-_single_cell_performance_60um_membrane_feba1556-898b-43d0-a3cf-b736cfd4326a.jpg?v=1777416101\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePackaging\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis membrane product is shipped with a clear back-sheet (also known as backing film, protective film or cover film) to ensure the membrane component in the package remains flat and undamaged during transportation and storage.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eStorage\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKeep the Hydroion AEM product sealed in the original polybag that is being shipped in and store it at room temperature until ready to use. It is recommended to avoid direct sunlight and UV light type light sources. The shelf-life of the sample is 12 month under this condition.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eActivation\/Pre-treatment\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIt is recommended to soak Hydroion AEM in 1M NaCl (e.g. 100 mL of the solution for every 100 cm²) for 24 hours and then exchange with 1M KOH for 48 hours. Replace the alkaline electrolyte in the submersion bath every 10-12 hour period. After the exchange, store it in pure water at room temperature of before use (preferably in a CO2-free environment). \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eThe membrane treatment needs to be done under CO2-free environment in order to keep it in OH- (or hydroxide) form. CO2 present in the ambient will naturally convert the hydroxide form of the membrane into carbonate form (which is a common behavior of all of the commercial AEMs) and this will significantly reduce the ionic conductivity of the membrane.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePlease do not allow the activated membrane to run dry during its operation in the electrochemical cell. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdditional notes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIf it is necessary to cut the film (especially into a circular shape), it is recommended to do so after activation to avoid wavy pattern caused by swelling.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003ePlease let us know if you want different sizes or thicknesses at info@electrohy.com\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SD","offers":[{"title":"40µm 30×30cm","offer_id":41610025795717,"sku":"1001007","price":120.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60µm 30×30cm","offer_id":41610025828485,"sku":"1001008","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"80µm 30×30cm","offer_id":41610025861253,"sku":"1001009","price":280.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100µm 30×30cm","offer_id":41610025894021,"sku":"1001010","price":320.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/membranesquaredjpg_576edc05-fa80-4aae-b317-1e8df3375fd3.jpg?v=1777927468"},{"product_id":"aem-ionomer-powder","title":"Hydroion Anion Exchange Ionomer Powder","description":"\u003cp\u003eHydroion ionomer powder represents the state-of-the-art in hydrocarbon-based materials designed for high-performance anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis and fuel cells. Its stability both in KOH and high potential has been proven in the widely recognized Hydroion membrane, reinforced and non-reinforced. This ionomer is more specifically tailored for the use as a binder to mix with powdery catalyst in cathode electrode for AEM water electrolysis, especially in dry cathode setup where KOH solution doesn't circulate through the cathode side and all H2O required to make hydrogen comes through membrane from anode side via osmotic drag.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHydroion ionomer powder can also be used in the manufacturing of anion exchange membranes for both fuel cell and water electrolysis. It is recommended that the ionomer powder to be dissolved first prior to the solution casting process.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis ionomer is supplied in its dry, stable powder form, reducing shipping costs and safety risks associated with flammable liquids. It can be readily dissolved to form uniform dispersions with catalyst powders for the fabrication of high-performance membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eTypical Properties\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 32; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" border=\"0\" class=\"Table\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: -1; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastfirstrow: yes;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;\" class=\"Compact\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;\" class=\"Compact\"\u003eTypical Value\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 0;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003ePolymer Type\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003eRigid hydrocarbon\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 1;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e-OH\u003c\/span\u003e Conductivity\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\" lang=\"ZH-CN\"\u003e（\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003emS\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\" lang=\"ZH-CN\"\u003e，\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e@80C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\" lang=\"ZH-CN\"\u003e）\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e200 +\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 2;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003eIEC\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\" lang=\"ZH-CN\"\u003e（\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003emmol\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\" lang=\"ZH-CN\"\u003e）\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e2.3 (\u003c\/span\u003eTunable\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003e2.3-3.5)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 3;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003eSolvent System\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003eAlcohol\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e(s)\u003c\/span\u003e\/water\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e or NMP\/DMSO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 4;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003eViscosity\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e (cP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e50-500 for 5-15% wt%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003eOperating Temperature\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e (\u003c\/span\u003e°C\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Compact\"\u003eUp to 80\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eActivation：\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnce the electrode is made using the powder as binder, it is recommended to run KOH solution through cathode side (or anode side if used as binder for anode) for 1hr to activate the binder.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003eAvoid direct sunlight\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;\"\u003eRecommended storage temperature: \u0026lt;30°C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SD","offers":[{"title":"1g","offer_id":41610556014725,"sku":"1001011","price":140.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5g","offer_id":41610556047493,"sku":"1001012","price":630.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10g","offer_id":41610556080261,"sku":"1001013","price":1050.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/Al_generated_ionomer_powder_image_with_ElectroHy_on.png?v=1779170736"},{"product_id":"hydroion-anion-exchange-membrane-reinforced","title":"Hydroion Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) - Reinforced","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eHydroion™ anion exchange membrane (AEM) is well recognized for large scale AEMWE (anion exchange membrane water electrolysis) applications due to its excellent performance and durability. \u003cspan\u003eWhile reinforcement is the industry standard for enhancing membrane durability from a mechanical aspect, it typically comes at the cost of reduced performance and increased \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH2 crossover for the traditional mechanically reinforced AEMs in the market. This reinforced AEM product, on the other hand, breaks this trade-off: it maintains the high performance of our non-reinforced version while offering even slightly lower H2 crossover. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerformance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eWith a 80 micron reinforced membrane, a current density of 1A\/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e is achieved at average 1.71V using a PtRu\/C catalyst as cathode along with our anode at 60°C using 1molar KOH.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-no-proof: yes;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" height=\"290\" width=\"290\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/80UM-R_jpg.jpg?v=1777924352\"\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-no-proof: yes;\"\u003eDurability\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eIn addition to the excellent stability in 1 Moalr KOH solution, this membrane also provides superb anti-oxidation durability at high potential. The following graph shows the superior durability of this 80 micron reinforced membrane at a highly oxidizing potential of around 2.25 for over 4500 hrs. The test was carried out using nickel fiber felt as both anode and cathode electrodes so that a high potential of 2.25V can be reached at a current density of 1A\/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e under standard conditions (60°C, 1M KOH).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-no-proof: yes;\"\u003e\u003cimg height=\"191\" width=\"391\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/Durability_of_membrane_at_high_Voltage_2.jpg?v=1777924455\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eBy combining this innate stability with advanced reinforcement and engineering strategies, an amazing in-cell degradation rate of \u0026lt; 2 μV\/h between 2000-8000 hours was achieved. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/durability_for_8000_hrs.png?v=1779555334\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-no-proof: yes;\"\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eWhile 80 micron reinforced membrane is mostly used for AEM electrolysis, 100 micron is also available for demanding electrolysis applications (pressurized) that require long duration or other electrochemical processes, such as electrodialysis, CO2 conversion or electrochemical reduction of CO2, etc. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePackaging\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThis membrane product is shipped with a clear back-sheet (also known as backing film, protective film or cover film) to ensure the membrane component in the package remains flat and undamaged during transportation and storage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eStorage\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eKeep the Hydroion AEM product sealed in the original polybag that is being shipped in and store it at room temperature until ready to use. It is recommended to avoid direct sunlight and UV light type light sources. The shelf-life of the sample is 12 month under this condition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eActivation\/Pre-treatment\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eIt is recommended to soak Hydroion AEM in 1M NaCl (e.g. 100 mL of the solution for every 100 cm²) for 24 hours and then exchange with 1M KOH for 48 hours. Replace the alkaline electrolyte in the submersion bath every 10-12 hour period. After the exchange, store it in pure water at room temperature of before use (preferably in a CO2-free environment). The membrane treatment needs to be done under CO2-free environment in order to keep it in OH- (or hydroxide) form. CO2 present in the ambient will naturally convert the hydroxide form of the membrane into carbonate form (which is a common behavior of all of the commercial AEMs) and this will significantly reduce the ionic conductivity of the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003ePlease do not allow the activated membrane to run dry during its operation in the electrochemical cell. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdditional notes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eIf it is necessary to cut the film (especially into a circular shape), it is recommended to do so after activation to avoid wavy pattern caused by swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003ePlease let us know if you want different sizes or thicknesses at info@electrohy.com\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SD","offers":[{"title":"80micron 30×30cm","offer_id":41611275632773,"sku":"1001005","price":330.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100micron 30×30cm","offer_id":41611276058757,"sku":"1001006","price":390.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/membranesquaredjpg.jpg?v=1777927437"},{"product_id":"pfsa-proton-exchange-membrane-unreinforced","title":"PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane  - Unreinforced - D175, D120","description":"\u003cp\u003ePerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer chemistry based proton exchange membranes or PEM (also known as cation exchange membranes, CEM) have been the golden standard in the industry for more than 30 years for numerous electrochemical and non-electrochemical applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product page discloses the product details of two different PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane  - Unreinforced, namely D175 and D120.  Membrane thickness for D175 is approximately 175 micrometes (~7-mil).  D120 membrane has a thickness of ~120 micrometers (~5-mil). Both of these membrane products are belonging to the unreinforced category, i.e., there is no mechanical reinforcement in them.  Unreinforced PEM is also known as self-supporting material in the market. These membrane products are manufactured via extrusion melt process. Both of these membranes are manufactured from the chemically stabilized PFSA resin to achieve longevity for the demanding applications. The polymer structure for both of these products are based on the long-side-chain PFSA for its chemical composition. Unreinforced proton exchange membranes based on the long-side-chain PFSA will usually exhibit high proton or ionic conductivity as a result of their affinity to interact with water molecules and keep these within the membrane itself.  This affinity towards water molecules also induces swelling in the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth of these proton exchange membranes (i.e., 175 and 120 micrometers thick) are usually considered to be relatively thick membranes compared to what are available in the market and suitable for pressurized applications such as high pressure PEM electrolyzers or applications that demand membranes with low crossover properties such as alcohol and organic fuel consuming fuel cells.  When safety and longevity are the critical determinants in a product development, use of this membrane product is recommended. Examples of other applications that can benefit from this membrane are given below. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable height=\"181\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"564\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 582px;\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e \u003ccol width=\"289\" style=\"width: 295px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"72\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"78\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"125\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl63\" width=\"289\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; width: 217pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl63\" width=\"72\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 54pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD120\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl63\" width=\"78\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 59pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD175\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl63\" width=\"125\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 94pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest Methode\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eThickness(\u003cspan class=\"font5\"\u003eµ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"font0\"\u003em)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e120±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e175±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eWeight (g\/m2)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e250±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e350±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eTensile Strength (TD\/MD) (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥30\/30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥30\/30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eElongation at Break (TD\/MD) (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eYoung’s Modulus (TD\/MD)（MPa）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥180\/180\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eHydration Dimensional Change(TD\/MD\/Z)（%）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≤25\/25\/25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≤25\/25\/25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D570\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eConductivity（mS\/cm）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥140\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥140\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eGB\/T 20042.3-2022\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability tests of D175 and D120:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/durability_of_D175_a4bf1a52-a108-4de4-ba80-7ae7c5ddba59.png?v=1780525932\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"153\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/durability_of_D120.png?v=1780525850\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"153\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStabilization: Chemically stabilized, which is also known as fully fluorinated end-groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructure: Long-side-chain PFSA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eproduction: Extrusion melt process\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforcement: Unreinforced\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard availability: 30\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"\u003e×\u003c\/span\u003e30cm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease see the table below for the list of our proton exchange membranes for electrolysis and other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 492px; height: 154.667px;\" width=\"401\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"0\" height=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 114.25px;\" width=\"97\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 96.25px;\" width=\"64\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 130.25px;\" width=\"107\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 151.25px;\" width=\"133\"\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; width: 73pt;\" width=\"97\" class=\"xl65\" height=\"19\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 48pt; height: 22.0938px;\" width=\"64\" class=\"xl65\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 81pt; height: 22.0938px;\" width=\"107\" class=\"xl65\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 100pt; height: 22.0938px;\" width=\"133\" class=\"xl65\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecombination Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD80R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD50R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD80R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.1042px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.1042px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD50R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.1042px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.1042px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.1042px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThe product must be kept in a sealed package before use; once the box is opened, it must be stored in an environment with temperature of 23±5°C and relative humidity of 50±5%, and use it as soon as possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eStore the product away from direct sunlight, heat and dust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease let us know if you want larger sizes or other thickness at info@elelctrohy.com.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMore Information on PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere have been three categories of the PFSA-based proton exchange membranes for their polymer structures, namely long-side-chain (LSC) PFSA, medium-side-chain (MSC) PFSA, and short-side-chain (SSC) PFSA. Chemours' Nafion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ is a good example for the PEMs that are based on the long-side-chain PFSA. 3M's Dyneon\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ PFSA is a good example for the PEMs that are based on  the medium-side-chain PFSA.  Syensqo's Aquivion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e® is a good example for the PEMs that are based on the short-side-chain PFSA. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolymer Structure of PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following two images provide the polymer structure of different PFSA membranes and different sections of the polymer chain labeled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/polymer-structure-of-different-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778820731\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe above image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mame.202500262\" title=\"Short Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Aquivion: From Production to Application\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDelfino et. al. for their publication that is entitled \"Short Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Aquivion: From Production to Application\"\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/sections-of-the-pfsa-labeled_37e58dd2-a528-41ec-a291-8c6cefc788e4.png?v=1778821434\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eThe above image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42154-021-00148-y\" title=\"Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWang et. al. for their publication that is entitled \"Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications\"\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNano-structure of PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes have a very unique property as a result of having hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in their polymer backbone and this is known as phase separation. Multiple sulfonic acid based side chains will cluster together to form a hydrophilic domain.  TFE domains will also form a cluster amongst themselves and form a hydrophobic domain.  The following is a phenomenological sketch of the nano-structure for Nafion-based PFSA membrane that shows the phase separation into three regions: perfluorinated hydrocarbon backbone, side chains with fixed sulfonic acid end groups, and water region (the image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0013-4686(00)00753-2\" title=\"Nano structure of NAFION: a SAXS study\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHaubold et al. for their publication entitled as \"Nano Structure of Nafion: A SAXS Study\"\u003c\/a\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/phase-separation-in-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778822818\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo further clarify the cluster-network model for the morphology of the hydrated PFSA membranes, the following pictorial description is an excellent depiction how such materials behave at the nano-scale. The image below is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr0207123\" title=\"State of Understanding of Nafion\"\u003eMauritz and Moore from their article entitled \" State of Understanding Nafion\"\u003c\/a\u003e which is an excellent publication to review and understand most aspects of PFSA membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/cluster-network-for-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778823074\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Potential Applications for This Product\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following are simply some of the examples that used PFSA membrane based products. Researchers and end-users exploring these applications, and other electrohemical and non-electrochemical use cases can benefit from this product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClean Energy and Power Generation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirect Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVanadium Redox Flow Batteries VRFBs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric or High Pressure Hydrogen-Oxygen PEM Fuel Cells (H2\/O2 PEMFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrobial Fuel Cells (MFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormic Acid Fuel Cells (FAFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen Production and Gas Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Pressure Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermochemical Water Splitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Drying and Humidification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalytical Instrumentation Gas Prep\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial and Chemical Synthesis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChlor-alkali Cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeterogeneous Superacid Catalysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeavy Metal Ion Recovery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectroplating and Metal Surface Finishing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrochemical Synthesis of Fine Chemicals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSensors and Advanced Materials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolid-state Electrochemical Sensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiosensors and Medical Diagnostic Tools\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIon-conducting Artifical Muscles (IPMCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DY","offers":[{"title":"120 micrometers thick 30×30cm","offer_id":41622926622853,"sku":"1007001","price":209.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"175 micrometers thick 30×30cm","offer_id":41633262829701,"sku":"1007002","price":235.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/AIgeneratedPFSAmembraneimageof175and120um_db5f951e-35dc-4449-9513-ed1d9cba19bc.png?v=1779415566"},{"product_id":"pfsa-proton-exchange-membrane-reinforced-pt-impregnated","title":"PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane - Reinforced - Gas Recombination Catalyst Layer, D80R-Pt, D50R-Pt","description":"\u003cp\u003ePerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer chemistry based proton exchange membranes or PEM (also known as cation exchange membranes, CEM) have been the golden standard in the industry for more than 30 years for numerous electrochemical and non-electrochemical applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product page discloses the product details of two different PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane - Reinforced - Gas Recombination Catalyst Layer, namely D80R-Pt and D50R-Pt. Membrane thickness for D80R-Pt is approximately 80 micrometers (~3.1 mil). D50R-Pt membrane has a thickness of ~50 microns (~2 mil). Both of these membrane products belong to the reinforced category, i.e., there is a mechanical reinforcement web in them. The reinforcement is based on the ePTFE (also known as expanded PTFE) and provides excellent mechanical robustness.  Gas recombination catalyst layer (which is an integral part of the membrane) is composed of Pt based nanoparticles and will recombine the crossing over gas species (H2 and O2 molecules) and generate water molecules as a result of the recombination reaction. Previous research demonstrates that making the gas recombination an integral part of the membrane is the most promising way to modify these proton exchange membranes in a way to reduce the gas crossover issues. Presence of ePTFE mechanical reinforcement, Pt-based gas recombination catalyst layer, and manufacturing the final membrane product in a thickness of ~80 microns truly brings the best of the all components and makes this membrane product an ideal proton exchange membrane for pressurized and unpressurized PEM electrolyzer stacks.  D50R-Pt, on the other hand is an ideal proton exchange membrane for atmospheric and pressurized proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) stacks. While it is not common to use 80 micrometers thick membranes for PEMFC stacks, certain applications such as regenerative fuel cells operating at high pressures can benefit from 80 micrometers thick membrane.  PEM electrolysis applications has been mainly using PFSA membranes thicker than 50 micrometers for safety and longevity reasons, though atmospheric PEM electrolyzers can greatly benefit from D50R-Pt membrane when superior electrochemical performance is required.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth D80R-Pt and D50R-Pt membranes are manufactured via solution casting process. Chemically stabilized PFSA resin is used in the production of these membranes to achieve longevity for the demanding applications. The polymer structure of these membranes are based on the long-side-chain PFSA for its chemical composition. Proton exchange membranes based on the long-side-chain PFSA will usually exhibit superb proton or ionic conductivity as a result of their affinity to interact with water molecules and keep these within the membrane itself.  This affinity towards water molecules also induces swelling in the membrane. The presence of ePTFE reinforcement reduces the degree of swelling greatly (for the length and width aspects) for these membranes compared to the unreinforced membrane products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD80R-Pt membrane is usually considered to be intermediate thickness compared to other reinforced membranes available in the market. When mechanical robustness, low gas crossover, and longevity are the critical determinants in a product development, use of this membrane product is recommended. D50R-Pt, on the other hand, can be considered as a thin to intermediate thickness for its application range compared to other reinforced membranes available in the market.  Demanding PEMFC applications such as pressurized H2\/Air and H2\/O2 reactants consuming fuel cell stacks will greatly benefit from the use of D50R-Pt membrane. Examples of applications that can benefit from these membranes are given below. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable height=\"183\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 579px; height: 177px;\" width=\"564\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 294.5px;\" width=\"289\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 75.5px;\" width=\"72\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 82.5px;\" width=\"78\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 126.5px;\" width=\"125\"\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.125px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.125px; width: 217pt;\" width=\"289\" class=\"xl65\" height=\"19\"\u003ePhysical properties\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 54pt; height: 22.125px;\" width=\"72\" class=\"xl65\"\u003eD80R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 59pt; height: 22.125px;\" width=\"78\" class=\"xl65\"\u003eD50R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 94pt; height: 22.125px;\" width=\"125\" class=\"xl65\"\u003eTest Methode\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.125px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.125px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eThickness(\u003cspan class=\"font5\"\u003eµ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"font0\"\u003em)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e80±4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e50±3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003eNA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.125px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.125px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eWeight (g\/m2)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e155±8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e98±5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003eNA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.125px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.125px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eTensile Strength (TD\/MD) (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≥30\/30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≥30\/30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.125px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.125px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eElongation at Break (TD\/MD) (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≥250\/250\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≥280\/280\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.125px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.125px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eYoung’s Modulus (TD\/MD)（MPa）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.125px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.125px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eHydration Dimensional Change(TD\/MD\/Z)（%）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≤15\/15\/45\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≤15\/15\/40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003eASTM D570\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.125px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.125px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eConductivity（mS\/cm）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≥140\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003e≥140\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.125px;\" class=\"xl66\"\u003eGB\/T 20042.3-2022\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemical tests of D80R-Pt\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/performance_of_D80R-Pt.png?v=1780527494\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"161\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/durability_of_D80R-Pt.png?v=1780527494\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"161\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/HIO_of_D80R-Pt.png?v=1780527494\" alt=\"\" width=\"279\" height=\"203\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemical tests of D50R-Pt\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/performance_of_D50R-Pt.png?v=1780528186\" alt=\"\" width=\"217\" height=\"152\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/durability_of_D50R-Pt.png?v=1780528186\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"131\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/HIO_of_D50R-Pt.png?v=1780528186\" alt=\"\" width=\"273\" height=\"200\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforcement: Yes, ePTFE Reinforced\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas recombination catalyst layer: Yes, Pt nanoclusters are used as the gas recombination catalyst\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStabilization: Chemically stabilized, also known as fully fluorinated end-groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEW (Equivalent weight): In the range of 950-1000 EW\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolymer Structure: Long-side-chain PFSA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduction method: Solution casting process\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard availability: 30\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"\u003e×\u003c\/span\u003e30cm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease see the table below for the list of our proton exchange membranes for electrolysis and other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 302pt;\" width=\"401\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 96px;\" width=\"97\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 65px;\" width=\"64\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 108px;\" width=\"107\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 133px;\" width=\"133\"\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 14.5pt; width: 73pt;\" width=\"97\" class=\"xl65\" height=\"19\"\u003eProduct Name\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left: none; width: 48pt;\" width=\"64\" class=\"xl65\"\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left: none; width: 81pt;\" width=\"107\" class=\"xl65\"\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left: none; width: 100pt;\" width=\"133\" class=\"xl65\"\u003eRecombination Layer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD80R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD50R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD80R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD50R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eImportant note: Proton exchange membranes containing gas recombination catalyst layers will naturally have lower gas crossover specifications of the same\/similar thickness counterparts that do not have the gas recombination catalyst layer (reinforced or unreinforced).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThe product must be kept in a sealed package before use; once the box is opened, it must be stored in an environment with temperature of 23±5°C and relative humidity of 50±5%, and use it as soon as possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eStore the product away from direct sunlight, heat and dust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease let us know if you want larger sizes or other thickness at info@elelctrohy.com.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMore Information on PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere have been three categories of the PFSA-based proton exchange membranes for their polymer structures, namely long-side-chain (LSC) PFSA, medium-side-chain (MSC) PFSA, and short-side-chain (SSC) PFSA. Chemours' Nafion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ is a good example for the PEMs that are based on the long-side-chain PFSA. 3M's Dyneon\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ PFSA is a good example for the PEMs that are based on  the medium-side-chain PFSA.  Syensqo's Aquivion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e® is a good example for the PEMs that are based on the short-side-chain PFSA. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolymer Structure of PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following two images provide the polymer structure of different PFSA membranes and different sections of the polymer chain labeled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/polymer-structure-of-different-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778820731\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe above image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mame.202500262\" title=\"Short Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Aquivion: From Production to Application\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDelfino et. al. for their publication that is entitled \"Short Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Aquivion: From Production to Application\"\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/sections-of-the-pfsa-labeled_37e58dd2-a528-41ec-a291-8c6cefc788e4.png?v=1778821434\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eThe above image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42154-021-00148-y\" title=\"Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWang et. al. for their publication that is entitled \"Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications\"\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNano-structure of PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes have a very unique property as a result of having hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in their polymer backbone and this is known as phase separation. Multiple sulfonic acid based side chains will cluster together to form a hydrophilic domain.  TFE domains will also form a cluster amongst themselves and form a hydrophobic domain.  The following is a phenomenological sketch of the nano-structure for Nafion-based PFSA membrane that shows the phase separation into three regions: perfluorinated hydrocarbon backbone, side chains with fixed sulfonic acid end groups, and water region (the image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0013-4686(00)00753-2\" title=\"Nano structure of NAFION: a SAXS study\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHaubold et al. for their publication entitled as \"Nano Structure of Nafion: A SAXS Study\"\u003c\/a\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/phase-separation-in-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778822818\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo further clarify the cluster-network model for the morphology of the hydrated PFSA membranes, the following pictorial description is an excellent depiction how such materials behave at the nano-scale. The image below is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr0207123\" title=\"State of Understanding of Nafion\"\u003eMauritz and Moore from their article entitled \" State of Understanding Nafion\"\u003c\/a\u003e which is an excellent publication to review and understand most aspects of PFSA membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/cluster-network-for-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778823074\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Potential Applications for These Products\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following are simply some of the examples that used PFSA membrane based products. Researchers and end-users exploring these applications, and other electrohemical and non-electrochemical use cases can benefit from this product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClean Energy and Power Generation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric and Pressurized H2-Air PEM Fuel Cells (such as PEMFC stacks for heavy duty trucks, automotive applications, residential applications, open- and closed-cathode fuel cell stacks for UAVs and drones, etc.)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVanadium Redox Flow Batteries VRFBs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric or Pressurized Hydrogen-Oxygen PEM Fuel Cells (H2\/O2 PEMFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrobial Fuel Cells (MFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormic Acid Fuel Cells (FAFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirect Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen Production and Gas Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric and Pressurized Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermochemical Water Splitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Drying and Humidification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalytical Instrumentation Gas Prep\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrobial-assisted PEM electrolysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrobial-assisted salt removal or desalination (also known as self-powered microbial desalination)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial and Chemical Synthesis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChlor-alkali Cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeterogeneous Superacid Catalysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeavy Metal Ion Recovery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectroplating and Metal Surface Finishing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrochemical Synthesis of Fine Chemicals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSensors and Advanced Materials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolid-state Electrochemical Sensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiosensors and Medical Diagnostic Tools\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIon-conducting Artifical Muscles (IPMCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DY","offers":[{"title":"30×30cm \/ D50R-Pt 50 micrometers","offer_id":41622929866885,"sku":"1007003","price":198.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"30×30cm \/ D80R-Pt 80 micrometers","offer_id":41639403487365,"sku":"1007004","price":254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/AIgeneratedPFSAmembraneimageofD80R-PtandD50R-Pt.png?v=1779312302"},{"product_id":"pfsa-proton-exchange-membrane-reinforced-d80r-d50r","title":"PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane - Reinforced - D80R, D50R","description":"\u003cp\u003ePerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer chemistry based proton exchange membranes or PEM (also known as cation exchange membranes, CEM) have been the golden standard in the industry for more than 30 years for numerous electrochemical and non-electrochemical applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product page discloses the product details of two different PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane - Reinforced, namely D80R and D50R. \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eMembrane thickness for D80R is approximately 80 micrometers (~3.1 mil). D50R membrane has a thickness of ~50 microns (~2 mil). Both of these membrane products belong to the reinforced category, i.e., there is a mechanical reinforcement web in them. The reinforcement is based on the ePTFE (also known as expanded PTFE) and provides excellent mechanical robustness.  Presence of ePTFE mechanical reinforcement and manufacturing the final membrane product in a thickness of ~80 microns brings the best of the all components and makes this membrane product an ideal proton exchange membrane for pressurized and unpressurized PEM electrolyzer stacks.  D50R membrane, on the other hand, is an ideal proton exchange membrane for atmospheric and pressurized proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) stacks. While it is not common to use 80 micrometers thick membranes for PEMFC stacks, certain applications such as regenerative fuel cells operating at high pressures can benefit from 80 micrometers thick membrane.  PEM electrolysis applications has been mainly using PFSA membranes thicker than 50 micrometers for safety and longevity reasons, though atmospheric PEM electrolyzers can greatly benefit from D50R membrane when superior electrochemical performance is favored.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eBoth D80R and D50R membranes are manufactured via solution casting process. Chemically stabilized PFSA resin is used in the production of these membranes to achieve longevity for the demanding applications. The polymer structure of these membranes are based on the long-side-chain PFSA for its chemical composition. Proton exchange membranes based on the long-side-chain PFSA will usually exhibit superb proton or ionic conductivity as a result of their affinity to interact with water molecules and keep these within the membrane itself.  This affinity towards water molecules also induces swelling in the membrane. The presence of ePTFE reinforcement reduces the degree of swelling greatly (for the length and width aspects) for these membranes compared to the unreinforced membrane products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eD80R membrane is usually considered to be intermediate thickness compared to other reinforced membranes available in the market. When mechanical robustness and longevity are the critical determinants in a product development, use of this membrane product is recommended (especially for atmospheric or pressurized PEM electrolyzers). D50R, on the other hand, can be considered as a thin to intermediate thickness for its application range compared to other reinforced membranes available in the market.  Demanding PEMFC applications such as pressurized H2\/Air and H2\/O2 reactants consuming fuel cell stacks will greatly benefit from the use of D50R membrane. Chemours' Nafion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ N212 and Syensqo's Aquivion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e® E87-05S, E98-05S, and E98-05, which have a thickness of ~50 micrometers have established a good baseline within the industry for numerous applications for the intermediate thickness PFSA membranes.  PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane - Reinforced - D80R and D50R membrane product can be used in those applications with similar electrochemical performance and longevity (compared to \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eNafion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ N212 and Aquivion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e® E87-05S, E98-05S, and E98-05). While this is not going to be a direct 1-to-1 replacement, this membrane product is a good replacement alternative to those. Examples of other applications that can benefit from this membrane are given below. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"564\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 424pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol width=\"289\" style=\"mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 10100; width: 217pt;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"72\" style=\"mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2513; width: 54pt;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"78\" style=\"mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2722; width: 59pt;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"125\" style=\"mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 4375; width: 94pt;\"\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl65\" width=\"289\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; width: 217pt;\"\u003ePhysical properties\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl65\" width=\"72\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 54pt;\"\u003eD80R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl65\" width=\"78\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 59pt;\"\u003eD50R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl65\" width=\"125\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 94pt;\"\u003eTest Methode\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eThickness(\u003cspan class=\"font5\"\u003eµ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"font0\"\u003em)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e80±4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e50±3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eWeight (g\/m2)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e155±8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e98±5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eTensile Strength (TD\/MD) (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥30\/30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥30\/30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eElongation at Break (TD\/MD) (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥250\/250\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥280\/280\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eYoung’s Modulus (TD\/MD)（MPa）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eHydration Dimensional Change(TD\/MD\/Z)（%）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≤15\/15\/45\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≤15\/15\/40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D570\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eConductivity（mS\/cm）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥140\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥140\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl66\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eGB\/T 20042.3-2022\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerformance test:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/performance_of_D80R_and_D50R.png?v=1780529300\" alt=\"\" width=\"369\" height=\"269\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforcement: Yes, ePTFE Reinforced\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStabilization: Chemically stabilized, also known as fully fluorinated end-groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEW (Equivalent weight): In the range of 950-1000 EW\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolymer Structure: Long-side-chain PFSA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduction method: Solution casting process\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard availability: 30\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"\u003e×\u003c\/span\u003e30cm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease see the table below for the list of our proton exchange membranes for electrolysis and other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"401\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 302pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e \u003ccol width=\"97\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"64\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"107\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"133\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl65\" width=\"97\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; width: 73pt;\"\u003eProduct Name\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl65\" width=\"64\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 48pt;\"\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl65\" width=\"107\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 81pt;\"\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl65\" width=\"133\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 100pt;\"\u003eRecombination Layer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eD175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eD120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eD80R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eD50R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eD80R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl66\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eD50R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl67\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportant note: Proton exchange membranes containing gas recombination catalyst layers will naturally have lower gas crossover specifications of the same\/similar thickness counterparts that do not have the gas recombination catalyst layer (reinforced or unreinforced).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThe product must be kept in a sealed package before use; once the box is opened, it must be stored in an environment with temperature of 23±5°C and relative humidity of 50±5%, and use it as soon as possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eStore the product away from direct sunlight, heat and dust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease let us know if you want larger sizes or other thickness at info@elelctrohy.com.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMore Information on PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere have been three categories of the PFSA-based proton exchange membranes for their polymer structures, namely long-side-chain (LSC) PFSA, medium-side-chain (MSC) PFSA, and short-side-chain (SSC) PFSA. Chemours' Nafion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ is a good example for the PEMs that are based on the long-side-chain PFSA. 3M's Dyneon\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ PFSA is a good example for the PEMs that are based on  the medium-side-chain PFSA.  Syensqo's Aquivion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e® is a good example for the PEMs that are based on the short-side-chain PFSA. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolymer Structure of PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following two images provide the polymer structure of different PFSA membranes and different sections of the polymer chain labeled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/polymer-structure-of-different-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778820731\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe above image is courtesy of \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Short Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Aquivion: From Production to Application\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mame.202500262\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDelfino et. al. for their publication that is entitled \"Short Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Aquivion: From Production to Application\"\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/sections-of-the-pfsa-labeled_37e58dd2-a528-41ec-a291-8c6cefc788e4.png?v=1778821434\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eThe above image is courtesy of \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42154-021-00148-y\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWang et. al. for their publication that is entitled \"Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications\"\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNano-structure of PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes have a very unique property as a result of having hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in their polymer backbone and this is known as phase separation. Multiple sulfonic acid based side chains will cluster together to form a hydrophilic domain.  TFE domains will also form a cluster amongst themselves and form a hydrophobic domain.  The following is a phenomenological sketch of the nano-structure for Nafion-based PFSA membrane that shows the phase separation into three regions: perfluorinated hydrocarbon backbone, side chains with fixed sulfonic acid end groups, and water region (the image is courtesy of \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Nano structure of NAFION: a SAXS study\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0013-4686(00)00753-2\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHaubold et al. for their publication entitled as \"Nano Structure of Nafion: A SAXS Study\"\u003c\/a\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/phase-separation-in-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778822818\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo further clarify the cluster-network model for the morphology of the hydrated PFSA membranes, the following pictorial description is an excellent depiction how such materials behave at the nano-scale. The image below is courtesy of \u003ca title=\"State of Understanding of Nafion\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr0207123\"\u003eMauritz and Moore from their article entitled \" State of Understanding Nafion\"\u003c\/a\u003e which is an excellent publication to review and understand most aspects of PFSA membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/cluster-network-for-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778823074\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Potential Applications for This Product\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following are simply some of the examples that used PFSA membrane based products. Researchers and end-users exploring these applications, and other electrohemical and non-electrochemical use cases can benefit from this product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClean Energy and Power Generation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric and Pressurized H2-Air PEM Fuel Cells (such as PEMFC stacks for heavy duty trucks, automotive applications, residential applications, open- and closed-cathode fuel cell stacks for UAVs and drones, etc.)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVanadium Redox Flow Batteries VRFBs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric or Pressurized Hydrogen-Oxygen PEM Fuel Cells (H2\/O2 PEMFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrobial Fuel Cells (MFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormic Acid Fuel Cells (FAFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirect Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen Production and Gas Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric and Pressurized Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermochemical Water Splitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Drying and Humidification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalytical Instrumentation Gas Prep\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrobial-assisted PEM electrolysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrobial-assisted salt removal or desalination (also known as self-powered microbial desalination)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial and Chemical Synthesis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChlor-alkali Cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeterogeneous Superacid Catalysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeavy Metal Ion Recovery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectroplating and Metal Surface Finishing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrochemical Synthesis of Fine Chemicals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSensors and Advanced Materials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolid-state Electrochemical Sensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiosensors and Medical Diagnostic Tools\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIon-conducting Artifical Muscles (IPMCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DY","offers":[{"title":"30×30cm \/ D50R 50micrometers","offer_id":41639409614981,"sku":"1007005","price":148.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"30×30cm \/ D80R 80micrometers","offer_id":41639419084933,"sku":"1007006","price":178.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/AIgeneratedPFSAmembraneimageofD80RandD50Rm.png?v=1779311494"}],"url":"https:\/\/electrohy.com\/collections\/membrane-and-ionomer.oembed","provider":"ElectroHy: the Decarbonization Marketplace","version":"1.0","type":"link"}