{"product_id":"pfsa-proton-exchange-membrane-unreinforced","title":"PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane  - Unreinforced - D175, D120","description":"\u003cp\u003ePerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer chemistry based proton exchange membranes or PEM (also known as cation exchange membranes, CEM) have been the golden standard in the industry for more than 30 years for numerous electrochemical and non-electrochemical applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Information\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product page discloses the product details of two different PFSA Proton Exchange Membrane  - Unreinforced, namely D175 and D120.  Membrane thickness for D175 is approximately 175 micrometes (~7-mil).  D120 membrane has a thickness of ~120 micrometers (~5-mil). Both of these membrane products are belonging to the unreinforced category, i.e., there is no mechanical reinforcement in them.  Unreinforced PEM is also known as self-supporting material in the market. These membrane products are manufactured via extrusion melt process. Both of these membranes are manufactured from the chemically stabilized PFSA resin to achieve longevity for the demanding applications. The polymer structure for both of these products are based on the long-side-chain PFSA for its chemical composition. Unreinforced proton exchange membranes based on the long-side-chain PFSA will usually exhibit high proton or ionic conductivity as a result of their affinity to interact with water molecules and keep these within the membrane itself.  This affinity towards water molecules also induces swelling in the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth of these proton exchange membranes (i.e., 175 and 120 micrometers thick) are usually considered to be relatively thick membranes compared to what are available in the market and suitable for pressurized applications such as high pressure PEM electrolyzers or applications that demand membranes with low crossover properties such as alcohol and organic fuel consuming fuel cells.  When safety and longevity are the critical determinants in a product development, use of this membrane product is recommended. Examples of other applications that can benefit from this membrane are given below. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable height=\"181\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"564\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 582px;\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e \u003ccol width=\"289\" style=\"width: 295px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"72\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"78\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e \u003ccol width=\"125\" style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl63\" width=\"289\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; width: 217pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl63\" width=\"72\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 54pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD120\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl63\" width=\"78\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 59pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD175\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl63\" width=\"125\" style=\"border-left: none; width: 94pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest Methode\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eThickness(\u003cspan class=\"font5\"\u003eµ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"font0\"\u003em)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e120±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e175±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eWeight (g\/m2)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e250±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e350±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eNA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eTensile Strength (TD\/MD) (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥30\/30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥30\/30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eElongation at Break (TD\/MD) (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eYoung’s Modulus (TD\/MD)（MPa）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥200\/200\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥180\/180\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D882\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eHydration Dimensional Change(TD\/MD\/Z)（%）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≤25\/25\/25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≤25\/25\/25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eASTM D570\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr height=\"19\" style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"19\" class=\"xl64\" style=\"height: 14.5pt; border-top: none;\"\u003eConductivity（mS\/cm）\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥140\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003e≥140\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"xl64\" style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\"\u003eGB\/T 20042.3-2022\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability tests of D175 and D120:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/durability_of_D175_a4bf1a52-a108-4de4-ba80-7ae7c5ddba59.png?v=1780525932\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"153\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/durability_of_D120.png?v=1780525850\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"153\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStabilization: Chemically stabilized, which is also known as fully fluorinated end-groups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructure: Long-side-chain PFSA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eproduction: Extrusion melt process\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforcement: Unreinforced\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard availability: 30\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"\u003e×\u003c\/span\u003e30cm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease see the table below for the list of our proton exchange membranes for electrolysis and other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 492px; height: 154.667px;\" width=\"401\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"0\" height=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 114.25px;\" width=\"97\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 96.25px;\" width=\"64\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 130.25px;\" width=\"107\"\u003e \u003ccol style=\"width: 151.25px;\" width=\"133\"\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; width: 73pt;\" width=\"97\" class=\"xl65\" height=\"19\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 48pt; height: 22.0938px;\" width=\"64\" class=\"xl65\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 81pt; height: 22.0938px;\" width=\"107\" class=\"xl65\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; width: 100pt; height: 22.0938px;\" width=\"133\" class=\"xl65\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecombination Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e175\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD80R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD50R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.0938px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.0938px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD80R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.0938px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.1042px;\" height=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.1042px; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor;\" class=\"xl66\" height=\"19\"\u003eD50R-Pt\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.1042px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.1042px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; height: 22.1042px;\" class=\"xl67\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThe product must be kept in a sealed package before use; once the box is opened, it must be stored in an environment with temperature of 23±5°C and relative humidity of 50±5%, and use it as soon as possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eStore the product away from direct sunlight, heat and dust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease let us know if you want larger sizes or other thickness at info@elelctrohy.com.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMore Information on PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere have been three categories of the PFSA-based proton exchange membranes for their polymer structures, namely long-side-chain (LSC) PFSA, medium-side-chain (MSC) PFSA, and short-side-chain (SSC) PFSA. Chemours' Nafion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ is a good example for the PEMs that are based on the long-side-chain PFSA. 3M's Dyneon\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e™ PFSA is a good example for the PEMs that are based on  the medium-side-chain PFSA.  Syensqo's Aquivion\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e® is a good example for the PEMs that are based on the short-side-chain PFSA. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolymer Structure of PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following two images provide the polymer structure of different PFSA membranes and different sections of the polymer chain labeled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/polymer-structure-of-different-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778820731\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe above image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mame.202500262\" title=\"Short Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Aquivion: From Production to Application\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDelfino et. al. for their publication that is entitled \"Short Side-Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Aquivion: From Production to Application\"\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/sections-of-the-pfsa-labeled_37e58dd2-a528-41ec-a291-8c6cefc788e4.png?v=1778821434\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eThe above image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42154-021-00148-y\" title=\"Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWang et. al. for their publication that is entitled \"Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications\"\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNano-structure of PFSA Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes have a very unique property as a result of having hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in their polymer backbone and this is known as phase separation. Multiple sulfonic acid based side chains will cluster together to form a hydrophilic domain.  TFE domains will also form a cluster amongst themselves and form a hydrophobic domain.  The following is a phenomenological sketch of the nano-structure for Nafion-based PFSA membrane that shows the phase separation into three regions: perfluorinated hydrocarbon backbone, side chains with fixed sulfonic acid end groups, and water region (the image is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0013-4686(00)00753-2\" title=\"Nano structure of NAFION: a SAXS study\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHaubold et al. for their publication entitled as \"Nano Structure of Nafion: A SAXS Study\"\u003c\/a\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/phase-separation-in-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778822818\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo further clarify the cluster-network model for the morphology of the hydrated PFSA membranes, the following pictorial description is an excellent depiction how such materials behave at the nano-scale. The image below is courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr0207123\" title=\"State of Understanding of Nafion\"\u003eMauritz and Moore from their article entitled \" State of Understanding Nafion\"\u003c\/a\u003e which is an excellent publication to review and understand most aspects of PFSA membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/cluster-network-for-pfsa-membranes.png?v=1778823074\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of Potential Applications for This Product\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following are simply some of the examples that used PFSA membrane based products. Researchers and end-users exploring these applications, and other electrohemical and non-electrochemical use cases can benefit from this product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClean Energy and Power Generation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirect Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVanadium Redox Flow Batteries VRFBs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtmospheric or High Pressure Hydrogen-Oxygen PEM Fuel Cells (H2\/O2 PEMFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrobial Fuel Cells (MFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormic Acid Fuel Cells (FAFCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen Production and Gas Systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Pressure Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermochemical Water Splitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Drying and Humidification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalytical Instrumentation Gas Prep\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial and Chemical Synthesis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChlor-alkali Cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeterogeneous Superacid Catalysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeavy Metal Ion Recovery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectroplating and Metal Surface Finishing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrochemical Synthesis of Fine Chemicals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSensors and Advanced Materials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolid-state Electrochemical Sensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiosensors and Medical Diagnostic Tools\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIon-conducting Artifical Muscles (IPMCs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DY","offers":[{"title":"120 micrometers thick 30×30cm","offer_id":41622926622853,"sku":"1007001","price":209.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"175 micrometers thick 30×30cm","offer_id":41633262829701,"sku":"1007002","price":235.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9022\/0677\/files\/AIgeneratedPFSAmembraneimageof175and120um_db5f951e-35dc-4449-9513-ed1d9cba19bc.png?v=1779415566","url":"https:\/\/electrohy.com\/products\/pfsa-proton-exchange-membrane-unreinforced","provider":"ElectroHy: the Decarbonization Marketplace","version":"1.0","type":"link"}